People who have Gluten Intolerance or Celiac Disease, when ingesting food containing gluten will have their immune system responds by releasing antibodies that damage or to some extent destroy the intestinal villi - a part of the small intestines.
Normally, small intestines is lined with finger like villi that absorb crucial nutrients from food. In a person with celiac disease, these villi flats outs and the inside of the small intestines looks more like a smooth surface, thus it cannot absorb nutrients effectively. This generally leads to malnutrition, no matter the amount of food we eat.
However there is a difference between gluten intolerance and celiac disease where in person with gluten intolerance, it does not cause the same kind of intestinal damage, but still leads to an uncomfortable abdominal symptoms with the intake of gluten based food.
Gluten intolerance is thought to affect roughly 10% of world population. The symptoms include bloating, abdominal discomfort, pain or diarrhea, or it may appears with variety of extra intestinal symptoms including headaches and migraines, lethargy and tiredness, attention-deficit disorder and hypeactivity, schizophrenia, muscular disturbance as well as bone and joint pain.
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